Introduction to the Umayyad Mosque: Located in the old city of Damascus, Syria, it is a landmark building in Damascus. The construction of the Umayyad Mosque began during the reign of the Caliphate in 705 AD and took ten years to complete. Due to its architectural uniqueness and luxurious decoration, the Umayyad Mosque occupies a particularly important position in the world of Islamic architecture. It is one of the largest remaining ancient mosques.