Haikou, the water of Dianchi Lake flows from here to the sea - Part 8 of the Tour around Dianchi Lake

Haikou, on the bank of Mantis River, is a small town named after the outlet of Dianchi Lake.

Starting from Kunming city, drive south along the spacious and beautiful Gao (壣) Hai (Kou) Expressway along the Dianchi Lake, 30 and you will reach Haikou. . There are not many vehicles on this highway, but there are beautiful lakes and mountains along the way. The road is in the scenery, and the car is on the road. Although I have lived in Kunming for decades and often pass by the Gaohai Expressway, this was my first time visiting Haikou Town. This time around Dianchi Lake, Haikou is a must-see. Exit the expressway north of Rainbow Bridge on Gaohai Expressway and you will arrive at Haikou Town.

Not far from the entrance to the town, I saw a parking space on the roadside. I parked the car and wanted to take a close look at the outlet of Dianchi Lake and the Rainbow Bridge flying over the outlet. I asked the car attendant how to get to the river? He pointed out to me that there is a road ahead that leads to a small fishing village. Once you reach the small fishing village, you can reach the mouth of the lake.

I walked forward and found the road to the small fishing village. At the intersection, there was an eye-catching billboard "The Last Fishing Village Pier in Dianchi Lake". As we walked along, we saw a village with blue bricks and white walls. The walls beside the road were painted with pictures of fishermen’s lives, fishing scenes, eight sceneries of Kunming and poems. What’s interesting is why people in small fishing villages fish for two days in three days. The story of Tianshai.com. The village is full of unique small buildings. There is a small place in the middle of the village, and several fishermen's restaurants have opened around it. Walking through the village, I still felt like I was in a villa community in the city. Looking at the old man sitting leisurely under the shade of the tree at the door, the villagers' life is getting better and better. In the past, small fishing villages mainly relied on fishing for a living, but now they have developed industries such as rural tourism and farmhouse entertainment.

We passed through the small fishing village and arrived at the riverside fishing village pier. It was the fishing mooring season and there were many small fishing boats moored at the pier. The Rainbow Bridge was right in front of us. On the wide water, the red arched steel bridge was like a rainbow flying across the north and south. It was quite spectacular. “A bridge spanning the north and south” It not only adds a new landscape to Dianchi Lake, but also turns a natural barrier into a thoroughfare, and it also puts a beautiful end to the Gaohai Expressway.

The outlet of Dianchi Lake is shaped like a trumpet, and the water surface is gentle. The water of Dianchi Lake flows out slowly from here to other directions without any ups and downs. It is so calm that it is hard to imagine.

A long time ago, the local people called the waters near Kunyang in the southwest of Dianchi Lake Kunyang Sea. There is no sea on the plateau, but there are mountains on the plateau. However, the plateau people on the mountains yearn for the sea very much. The mountains and the sea should be connected. Perhaps the plateau is far away from the sea, and the people on the plateau have a kind of admiration for the sea. Therefore, among the names of lakes on the plateau, many are called sea. Not far from Kunming, there is a lake that is still called Yangzonghai. . Go further west, farther away from the sea and to a higher altitude, where you will find the beautiful Napa Sea and Bita Sea. Plateau people also call Dianchi Lake, the largest lake in southwest China and the sixth largest lake in the country, a pool. It was also called Kunming Lake. This shows that plateau people respect the vast sea. Compared with the sea, Dianchi Lake is just a pool of water. I remembered that there is also a Kunming Pool in the capital. There is a poem by a great man: "Kunming Pool is shallow, and watching fish is better than Fuchun River." If you have a broad mind, why care about the lake? No matter how big or small it is, if it exists in your heart, it will exist, and if it exists in your heart, it will exist.

Since it is called Kunyang Sea, the outlet of Dianchi Lake is also called Haikou, and the river through which the water flows is naturally called Haikou River.

Haikou River was originally the only drainage channel of Dianchi Lake and was known as the "key to Dianchi Lake". 1997 Year 3 In June, with the completion of the Xiyuan Tunnel project through Xishan Mountain at Caohai Ship Lock, Dianchi Lake had another outlet for water discharge, and the water of Caohai was 4.8 The Xiyuan Tunnel Project has been put into use, which has enhanced the flood control and flood discharge capacity of Dianchi Lake and also enhanced the purification function of the inner sea (Caohai) of Dianchi Lake.

It is said that Haikou had no name before, but it was named after Sai Dianchi· Gan Siding in the Yuan Dynasty. As the only outlet of Dianchi Lake, the Haikou River, which is the key to the dryness of Dianchi Lake, used to have a flat river bed, slow water flow, weak flood discharge capacity, and was prone to siltation. During the flood season, farmland was submerged and Kunming was flooded. After Sai Dianchi came to power in Yunnan, he presided over the dredging of Mantis River. Zhang Lidao, the patrol envoy to persuade farmers, "led Dingfu 3000 more than three years, which took three years." The river channel in Haikou was widened and the river bed was dug to lower the water level of Dianchi Lake and relieve the flooding in Dianchi Lake. "More than ten thousand hectares of soil were obtained, all of which were fertile farmland." The people of Haikou respected Sai Dianchi and asked him to give him a name. Sai Dianchi gave him the name "Dianzhi Shuikou", which is the mouth of Dianchi Lake, so the name Haikou was derived. Today, the street along the river in Haikou Town is called "Dianchi Road". I think it was named by people to commemorate Sai Dianchi's contribution to the management of Dianchi Lake. Time flies, and hundreds of years have passed. As long as the history of Dianchi Lake management is mentioned, people will all remember the name Sai Dianchi, and his achievements are in people's hearts.

I did some homework before going to Haikou and learned that there is a century-old stone bridge in the Mantis River in Haikou.

I inquired and found out that there are two beach islands in the Mantis River on the south side of Dianchi Road: Big Beach and Zhongtan. The Mantis River, which is 93 kilometers long, is where the Dianchi Lake water flows out. The water from the lake flows out. Due to the mountainous terrain of the plateau, the Haikou River follows the Mantis River from east to west, down to the Pudu River, a tributary of the Jinsha River, then turns northwest, merges into the Jinsha River and then returns to the sea. It is said that Mantis River is one of the rare rivers that flows backward from east to west. All rivers return to the sea, and the water of Dianchi Lake finally returns to the sea through the Yangtze River.

Back then , when Xu Xiake was inspecting the Dianchi Lake along the lake in Kunyang Prefecture, he once recorded the shape of the seaport in his travel notes, "There are islands floating in the middle, facing the Dian Sea to the east, and it is extremely turbulent." . "There is an island floating in the middle", which divides the water released from Dianchi Lake into three parts, just like the word "Chuan". The water flows through the beach and island and merges into one, continuing to roll westward. According to data, the emergence of beach islands occurred after the Haikou River was dredged in the 14th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1501). The beach is exposed out of the water, forming a Sichuan-shaped river channel. There are three bridges connecting the two beach islands to the two sides. You can go from the Dianchi Road side of Haikou to the foot of the mountain on the opposite side. Xu Xiake also wrote in his "Travel Notes on Dianchi Lake" that in Haikou "The mountains on the south bank also suddenly appeared near the river, and the water turned away from the north and forced it to the south. The south bank collapsed. The village is surrounded by people's houses, and it is called Haimen Village. It is separated from the south bank by a river. " Today, Haimen Village still has its name, but it is difficult to find its old appearance.

After walking through two bridges that can pass small cars, and then walking through the short streets on the beach island, a porous stone arch bridge suddenly appeared in front of me. This is a traditional stone arch bridge. The mottled bridge body is vigorous and proud despite its age. Although the bridge deck paved with bluestones has been polished by wind and rain for more than a hundred years and trampled by people and horses, it shows a weathered appearance, and still reveals a tough temperament under the sun.

There is a "Sichuan-shaped gate" stone tablet at the head of the bridge, and there are stone steps going up and down at both ends of the bridge. This is the gate at the outlet of Dianchi Lake built more than a hundred years ago. There is an inscription on the stone tablet: " The Chuanzi Gate is located at the outlet of Dianchi Lake on the Haikou River. It is also known as Duifeng Gate. It was built in the 16th year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (1836 AD). It is a porous stone arch bridge that combines bridges and gates. The Sichuan Gate has a total length of 109 meters and a total of 21 holes. The bridge deck is 3 meters wide. It spans three river channels separated by small islands in the middle of the river. There are grooves on the piers on both sides of each bridge hole, and wooden boards can be lifted and dropped. The gate is called Sichuan Gate . " "Sichuan Gate" and "Duifeng Gate" are also called "Haikou Gate" in "Xishan District Chronicles". This gate was built with donations from Yunnan Governor Yilibu and Governor Yan Chang led by officials and gentry.

Looking at the vicissitudes of the stone bridge, I felt that it was so close before my eyes that I regretted not knowing it until it was too late. Unexpectedly, there is still such a bridge gate that has gone through hundreds of years of vicissitudes in Haikou. It is really "hidden in the mountains and no one knows about it". I thought about what the master who was looking at the car just said. I have been here for many years and I have heard of such a bridge, but I have never been there. In fact, this bridge is not far from Dianchi Road, only one or two hundred meters away. Maybe people who are busy with their livelihood have no time to see such an old stone bridge, but people who live near the bridge are used to it and have seen it too much, so it is not surprising.

Standing next to the old bridge gate and observing carefully, this bridge gate has 10 holes. The piers facing the water surface in front of the old bridge should have been added later. They are for "steel-concrete" irrigation, have trenches, and also As for the protection of the old bridge piers, grooves can still be seen on the old stone piers under the bridge deck. When the Sichuan Gate was built, it had 22 holes, the south gate had 9 holes, the middle gate had 4 holes, and the north gate had 9 holes. Our institute The stop is the South Gate. However, the structure of the other two bridge gates has already been changed, and small cars can pass through them.

Since Sai Dianchi presided over the dredging of the Haikou River, in order to ensure smooth drainage, over the past hundreds of years, the government has recruited laborers to dredge the Haikou River on a large scale every certain year. There were "Inscriptions on the Stele of Repairing the Haikou River" (1502) and "Inscriptions on the Stele on the Repair of the Haikou River" (1550) and "Record of Dredging Haikou" (1573) record several large-scale dredging of Haikou River. These three stone steles are known as the three steles in Haikou. Unfortunately, the steles are hard to find and only rubbings exist. Before the Sichuan Ziqiao Gate was built, a dam was built to cut off the flow during dredging. After the construction was completed, the dam was dug to release the water. After the Sichuan Gate was completed, when dredging the Haikou River, double-layer wooden boards were used to sandwich the soil to block the flow of water. After the completion of the construction, the soil was removed and the boards were raised, and the water flowed smoothly. It not only saves the time and effort of building a dam with mud and rock, but also maintains the stability of the water level in Dianchi Lake. The stone bridge above is still passable. The Sichuan-shaped gate can be said to be one of the examples of the combination of bridges and gates in traditional ancient bridges.

In order to better prevent floods and block water, 1970 After the 1980s, the Chuanzi Gate was renovated. A mechanical gate was added to the south of the old bridge gate, the wooden gate was changed to a large mechanical gate, and the bridge decks of the two small bridge gates on the north were changed from stone slabs to steel-concrete cement slabs, which could accommodate small vehicles.

Today, a modern gate and dam lies in the river upstream of the Laoqiao Gate and not far downstream of the Rainbow Bridge, blocking the violent discharge of the lake water and regulating the stability of the water level of Dianchi Lake. The newly built electric flat steel gate was completed and put into use in 20145 , replacing the sluice function of the "Sichuan Gate". However, the stone bridge left behind by the Sichuan Gate still functions as a bridge for people and horses to pass, and facilitates the passage of surrounding residents. It is now listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Yunnan Province.

Standing on the old bridge gate, I can see that there is a weir under the new gate upstream. Some sections of the river have dried up. Many excavators are working intensively in the river bed. There are engineering schematics erected on the side of the road outside the construction site. The outlet of Dianchi Lake Upgrading and renovation projects are in progress. The project of dredging the river by thousands of people hundreds of years ago seemed to appear before our eyes. It was a grand scene. Things are changing now, and history only develops in a blink of an eye. Mechanization has replaced manual operations. The age of the Laoqiao Gate in the past two hundred years is still a little short, and it cannot bear witness to the past. Only Cangshan Mountain beside the Mantis River can bear witness.

I walked across the stone bridge and walked along the road on the south bank of the river to the foot of the Rainbow Bridge. Standing here, I could look far into the distance and see the entire water outlet. There is a house on the mouth of the mountain that extends into the lake in the north, but it is a pity that we cannot climb up to take a look. Looking into the distance, on that side of the lake, the mountains are indigo-green, hazy clouds, the sea is vast and the water is blue; on the lakeshore, there are gentle waves, green willows, lush trees, and a rainbow flying to the north and south. It is such a broad picture that makes people feel My mind is racing.

There is a river called Mantis River in Haikou, and a "stone city" beside the river. When Mr. Xu visited Dianchi Lake, he was very interested and visited this place. In his writing, this is a "The openings are winding, the layers are exquisite, the changes are unpredictable, and the beauty is unique" The gentleman who had visited countless famous mountains and rivers was amazed by this. "The rock peaks on the top of the mountain rise up, some like towering cones, some like gates, some like mushrooms supporting a platform, and some like clouds lying down forming a corridor." I wrote down what I saw. Haikou Shicheng is a karst landform with about 2 acres of open space, surrounded by high 1-20 It is surrounded by mountain peaks and cliffs, hence the name "Stone City".

Not far from Shicheng, right next to Southwest Instrument Factory in Haikou Town. Going up the slope, when you look up, you will see an archway: "The bell is unique." This is the entrance to "Shicheng Park", with a small cabin next to it as the ticket office. It is said that there used to be an entrance fee of 2 or 3 yuan to enter the park. When I went there, I only saw the window of the cabin was closed and the door was locked. I don’t know if free admission has been released.

The Stone City is not big, it is only a corner of the Stone Forest. But the Stone City also has its own unique features. Otherwise, Xu Xiake would not have visited here and recorded it in his travel notes. There are inscriptions engraved on the peaks and rocks, and there is an eye-catching cursive engraving. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, Xu Hongxun, the Yunnan Provincial Criminal Commissioner, inspected the Haikou River and visited the Stone City. He inscribed "The Key to the Lake and the Sky" and "Yunzhuang" and engraved two five-character regulated verses in cursive script on the Stone City. Fortunately, I brought a telephoto lens and zoomed in on the stone wall inlaid with cursive script. The cursive script was clearly visible, but it was written too cursively. For me who does not understand cursive script, it is difficult to understand its content. After checking the information, I learned that one of the contents of the poem is: "The location is just like a town, and the gates are shaded by lychees. I can drink for days, and I have taken over Kunyang. The pond flows by the foot of the mountain, and the plum blossoms shine on the women's wall. I want to build a small house, and devote my ambition to building Yunzhuang." The second one: "I love this natural beauty, how strange and ancient it is. The layers of cities are divided into large and small, and you can see the mountains and rivers from a distance. Picking herbs is not worldly, and watching chess is like watching chess. [] The ancient pines and cypresses are like the stars in the sky, and I have a clear dream of them. ——Written in Shicheng during the winter of Gengwu, by Xu Hongxun Wugong Manno There are many strange stones, but this book only has them here.

Walking on the stone steps among the strange peaks and rocks, in some places you can only pass sideways and twists and turns. I appreciate the erected peaks and rocks, and pay more attention to the water-eroded caves. Years of erosion have left many traces on the rocks. "Water drops penetrate stone", water is softer than stone, and water is stronger than stone. Of course, there is more than just water dripping through the stone here. The evolution of nature in this small stone city is enough to make people marvel and contemplate.

There is a "Shuoran Pavilion" on the steep cliff. Looking down from the pavilion, you can have a panoramic view of Haikou Town.

The establishment of this land as a park is a major achievement of Southwest Instrument Factory. The construction status is recorded on the stone wall outside the park gate. Since the 1980s, Southwest Instrument Factory has invested in building roads and bridges, building pavilions, and planting flowers, plants, and trees, making Shicheng a place for people to visit and enjoy. However, this place used to be the location of mailbox No. XXX that everyone in Kunming knew. Most people were not allowed to enter casually, so it has not been well-known for a long time and few people know about it.

Walking along Zhongtan Street in Haikou Town, the street is not wide but clean. Along the way, you can see the signboards of several companies such as Yunguang, Northern Optics, and Southwest Instruments, as well as Yunguang Primary School and Yunguang Middle School. You will feel that this is no ordinary town.

Haikou is not only the outlet of Dianchi Lake, it can be said that it used to be a mysterious old industrial zone in Kunming. Few people know that there is a traditional special manufacturing industry in Mantis River on the shore of Dianchi Lake. This is the cradle and hometown of Chinese optics and the earliest place of military industry in Yunnan. Yunnan Optical Instrument Factory, founded in 1936 (the 22nd Ordnance Factory of the Ordnance Administration during the Republic of China), was China's first military optical instrument factory, In 1940 it was moved to Haikou Zhongtan to avoid Japanese plane bombing. China's first military telescope, the first artillery sight, the first generation of infrared and low-light night vision instruments, the first optical rangefinder, etc. were all born here. The famous Panda telescope was also born here. Yunnan Southwest Instrument Factory was founded in 1939 (Ordnance Industry Administration No. 51 during the Republic of China Arsenal), produced China's first machine gun. As early as 1914, Tang Jiyao established an arsenal in Haikou. Not to mention that there were several mailboxes named XXX here. Haikou's rich phosphate mines and production companies also once became famous.

Haikou has an ancient history, and human activities have been here for a long time. The surrounding early and late Neolithic sites have unearthed pottery, stone bowls and other cultural relics. The ruins are not far from the town. I did not go to the ruins. The unearthed cultural relics should have been in the museum long ago. I will leave it to the museum for "archaeology" when I have time.

Haikou, a once ancient place, a modern town that has unveiled its mystery, a rising industrial park, has left me with too many memories.