Introduction to Rouge Well: Rouge Well was built in the Chen Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty. According to legend, in 588 AD, Yang Guang led 510,000 Sui soldiers to attack Jiankang in eight directions, and finally captured Jiankang (Nanjing). When Empress Chen heard the loud killing noise outside, she realized that something was wrong, and hurriedly took her beloved concubines Zhang Lihua and Kong Guifei to escape downstairs in Jingyang and hid in a dry well. The Sui army finally interrogated the eunuch and found out that Empress Chen had hidden in the well. The Sui soldiers shouted for the people inside to come out, but no one in the well agreed. The Sui soldiers shouted again, "If you don't come out, we will throw stones at you." Only then did the sound of painful crying come from the well, and the Sui soldiers used ropes to pull the three people up from the well. Afterwards, the two concubines were killed on the spot and Empress Chen was captured. It is said that at that time, the two imperial concubines wore relatively rich makeup. During the process of entering and exiting the dry well, all the makeup fell on the well railing, leaving traces that will remain indelible for thousands of years. Later generations called this well the Rouge Well, also known as the Humiliation Well.