Introduction to the Memorial Column: The exterior pedestal of the Memorial Column depicts reliefs such as the Creation of Heaven and Earth, the Epidemic of the Black Death, and the Last Supper; the column body shows the emperor taking off his crown and half-kneeling on the ground to pray for God to bless his subjects. And under the guidance of angels, the saint defeated the Black Death who turned into a witch; the inscription reminds the world not to forget the punishment God brought to the city.

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