Introduction to the Top Cave: The 26th site of the Zhoukoudian site is the Top Cave. This site was discovered to the south when the boundary of the first site was verified in 1930. It turned out that the entrance of the cave was covered by floating soil. The cultural relics and relics of the top cave people are quite rich. The main fossil specimens include 3 complete skulls, residual skulls, maxillary bones, mandibles, vertebrae, pelvic bones, thigh bones, calf bones, kneecaps and scattered teeth, etc. There are also 47 species mammal fossils, and 141 decorative items.
The top cave is divided into four parts: the entrance, the upper chamber, the lower chamber and the lower chamber. The entrance faces north, is about 4 meters high and 5 meters wide at the bottom. The upper chamber is in the eastern half of the cave, about 8 meters wide from north to south and 14 meters long from east to west. A pile of ashes was found in the middle of the ground. The stalactite layer at the bottom and part of the cave wall were burned, indicating that the upper chamber is a mountain top cave. Where humans lived, infant skull fragments, bone needles, ornaments and a small number of stone tools were found in the cultural layer of the upper chamber. The lower chamber was slightly lower in the western half of the cave, about 8 meters deep, and three complete human beings were found. The skull and some trunk bones, hematite powder and some funerary objects were scattered around the human bones, indicating that the lower chamber was the burial place.
A bone needle was found in the top cave, which shows that people have been able to sew animal skins to make clothes to protect the body and resist the cold; there is also a ground deer antler, which some people think is a baton; there are not many stone tools found in the top cave. , there are only 25 pieces, and they are quite crudely made; hematite powder was also found around the human bone fossils, which is strong evidence that the cavemen buried the dead.